Quote from Bill Skinner on Jun 17th, 2012, 12:17pm:You have to be careful about the European flint tools, quite a few came over as ballast in the holds of ships. From the period of 1500 to about 1600, the NA were still making knapped stone tools and they also used the flint that European ships dropped.
Even today, knappers such as Luke Webb pick up those ballast stones and make tools from them.
Yes, archaologists have to be careful.... I recall speculation that the Chinese had reached the West coast of the Americas in ancient times....Based on Chinese "Junk" anchor stones found in places like San Francisco Bay.
However, it was then found that Chinese vessels used these ancient stones for ballast, hundreds of years later in contemporary times.
The Nat Geo show mentioned a number of "waves" of migration of Siberian peoples across the land-bridge of the Bering straits area.
They have identified at least three, leading to the minor genetic/ethnic variances between Amerind peoples.
It's also possible that some South American indegenes had yet different origins.... But that's very speculative.