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A new take on kinetic energy (Read 3100 times)
Fëanor
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Re: A new take on kinetic energy
Reply #15 - Jun 23rd, 2009, 9:04am
 
Yes more joules is better but that is not why I wonder how much kinetic energy I can reach, I just want to know.
I go where my mind takes me.
And yes there is some satisfaction in reaching energy levels exceding firearms.
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Re: A new take on kinetic energy
Reply #16 - Jun 23rd, 2009, 2:47pm
 
[quote author=KingofSling link=1245535425/0#7 date=1245687489] Quote:
but I still fail to see your point. How can calculating the kinetic energy of an olympic hammer help in solving the alleged velocity dispute ;I wasn´t aware of one...just measure the speed of your projectile

 
I started this thread to give people a better idea idea about the kinetic energy that is potentially generated with the advantage of a sling (or similar device). I am not trying to determine maximum velocity.  
 
 
 
I am not saying you are (I never mention maximum velocity), I´m just saying the only thing you need to know is the speed of your projectile at the moment you want to know its kinetic energy (off course you allready measured its mass).
So you can get all mystical or complicated about it but it is just that simple.
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KingofSling
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Re: A new take on kinetic energy
Reply #17 - Jun 23rd, 2009, 7:45pm
 
Quote:
probably most important is that the velocity of release of a hammer is limited by how fast the man can spin.

 
That is not an issue with an extremely heavy projectile (16lbs)
 
Quote:
It's one reason why a full body rotation actually reduces sling velocity rather than increase it as the natural inclination is slow the sling to the speed of body rotation.  
Unless you are anchoring a very long sling or large weight with your own body mass - full body rotations are counter productive in use of a handsling

 
I agree with the exception of abnormally large projectiles.  30 m/s is unattainable with a typical slinging method for a HEAVY projectile.
 
Quote:
Even with a relatively heavy stone it is unlikely that sling stones often exceed kinetic energy levels of 250 J

 
I don't know what you consider heavy, but I believe a slinger can generate more then 250 joules on a heavy (~500 gram) projectile.  For light (<100 grams) 250 joules would be on the high end, but still very impressive.  (A 150lb english longbow will do about 125 joules with a heavy arrow)
 
Quote:
You say that determining velocity with sound recording has "inconsistencies". Would you like to elaborate on that as I find it works very well

 
For example:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XVDN7n9PRlE&feature=channel_page
Energy levels from 10 - 300+ joules are claimed for very similar throws
 
Quote:
Once accurate velocity data for a given length of sling and projectile weight
Accurate velocity data from seasoned slingers is hard to come by.
BTW. I'm entirely at a loss to understand why hammer throwing gets us anywhere at all with all this. If it is to suggest an upper bound on the energy a human being can put into a thrown item then fair enough, but otherwise it informs us not at all about what most of us actually sling!

 
As it says in my first post, I am interested in the upper limits of sling energy potential.  A hammer throw is an EXTREME case, but it does prove that “slings” allow projectiles to attain greater energies then say a heavy spear (400 joules).
 
  Quote:
Measurements from sound recordings can be rather accurate, it depends how much care people take, and whether they make mistakes with their calculations. I rather doubt that most chronographs are significantly more accurate, if at all so

 
I am not questioning the accuracy of sound, but of the people doing the final calculations.
 
Quote:
Why exactly is there this obsession among some with kinetic energy? Some comparison with firearms? That more is better?

 
Not, firearms, but the weapons that were used alongside  the sling:  Bow, spear, crossbow, etc.
 
Quote:
I am not saying you are (I never mention maximum velocity), I´m just saying the only thing you need to know is the speed of your projectile at the moment you want to know its kinetic energy (off course you allready measured its mass).
So you can get all mystical or complicated about it but it is just that simple.
 
 
What I am saying is that there are velocities of <50 m/s to >100m/s are thrown around.  I just wanted to find the maximum velocity (as in the velocity of release) that a sling like object of known weight can be thrown and then find the resulatant energy.
 
 
 
 
 
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Thomas
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Re: A new take on kinetic energy
Reply #18 - Jun 23rd, 2009, 10:09pm
 
A slung baseball (148 gr.) at 57m/s, RADAR.
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Re: A new take on kinetic energy
Reply #19 - Jun 24th, 2009, 6:01am
 
Quote from Thomas on Jun 23rd, 2009, 10:09pm:
A slung baseball (148 gr.) at 57m/s, RADAR.

 
That works out at 240 J or 177 ft.lbs
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Typhon
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Re: A new take on kinetic energy
Reply #20 - Jun 24th, 2009, 8:25am
 
Wanderer. Accurate means accurate, as close as possible to reality. Of course it depends on what level of "accurate" one is willing to accept. Personally I'm pleased when a shot goes where I want it to (Forwards as opposed to straight up and then down on my silly head or sideways to the consternation of onlookers Wink) and don't worry too much about delivered force. A martial arts mate tells me, with ghoulish relish, I think, that the human skull can be cracked with no more than 7 pounds of impact force, it still seems too little, but it makes me careful.  
I think the interest in kinetic enegy comes from the use of the sling in hunting, people want to know how much is enough for various prey, it is of course the transfer of kinetic energy that causes death through shock and mechanical disruption of internal structures, organs and bones etc. Of course it may be no more than wanting to know what one is capable of in a demonstable and comparable format.  
A pefectly reasonable desire given we all want to know what we can do and compare that result with others with similar interests.
I'll happily grant a time over distance calulation will give a reasonable guesstimate of velocity and therefore kinetic energy. I'd understood from the other posts that what was desired was a correct-as-possible result. To me that means a Chronograph. Despite the many difficulties in employing one.
I was trying to point out the many problems with getting such data with a sling, not trying to put any one down or upset any one.
I too, see little correlation between a sling projectile of a few ounces (or even half a brick which I tried once and it damned near too my finger off when it caught in the primitive sling I'd knocked together one boring nightshift Cheesy) and a hammer throw hammer, apart of course from the acquisition of momentum from a rotating mass.
 
BTW. What is a "Sound card"? Some sort of target that makes a noise when hit.
Sorry if that is a simplistic question but I've never had the opportunity to discuss this subject with others, let alone others with more experience and practice than I have. Typhon
 
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wanderer
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Re: A new take on kinetic energy
Reply #21 - Jun 24th, 2009, 9:26am
 
Typhon,
 
Despite my petulant tone, I understand that frequently the kinetic energy seems to matter to people. It's just that I have considerable doubts in comparing effects of hunting rounds (high velocity, cavitating wounds) with such low velocity weapons as slings. It seems here that kinetic energy is being used as a surrogate for 'killing/stopping  power' which I think is misleading.
 
The sound cards we talk about are the computer sound digitizers which let us look at sampled sound recordings and thus obtain precise timings of events at least better than 1ms.
 
As far as the technical matter of determining the velocity and hence the kinetic energy of the projectile I think that using sound recordings is possibly the best inexpensive technique we have. (Of course now lots of us have digital movie cameras that's a good and complementary technique). It's huge advantage over chronographs is  that we can let rip at full velocity without trying to shoot through a small(ish!) entrance aperture. The highly misleading results of chronograph measurements in the published literature have seriously underestimated sling velocities, and have been used recently in academia to buttress some rather  questionable arguments.
 
The data reduction is also simple enough that in principle many of our members could apply it to their own slinging, and hence get  us more data.
 
- I just came across an old posting in this forum which had the following link - apparently blowgun people have used the same technique.
http://www.polar-electric.com/Blowgun/Software/Dartspeed.html (still active!)
Despite thinking I have been pretty thorough in looking through this forum I still keep finding things anew.
 
I have to admit that I have some attachment to sound-based measurements. There are opportunities to extend it with multiple microphones and potentially allow us to track rather precisely the path of a projectile if we make the projectile whistle or make sound in some other fashion. In effect these are analogs of the radar tracking techniques used in military gunnery testing ranges - but a lot less expensive Grin
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Re: A new take on kinetic energy
Reply #22 - Jun 25th, 2009, 7:32am
 
Wanderer. You can use the sound cards on a comp to track and analyse a shot? Cool!
I'll check out the link shortly. Ta for that mate.
It certainly beats a chronograph for accuracy, I'm a little dubious about your radar analogy, but that's a side effect of my pedantic streak, I understand your meaning. That this technique is acceptably accurate, inexpensive and relies on transmission from the projectile, as opposed to bouncing a radio wave off the projectile and analysing the reflected energy.
Agreed. There is no comparison between firearm projectiles and sling projectiles. A bullet penetrates and, except in some hypothetically possible situation or those broad head tipped projectiles, a sling shot won't. It's an impact weapon only. It will break bones. bruise and shock but not penetrate.
You may be right in thinking that kinetic energy is being used to replace killing/stopping power however the mechanisms are so different between the two projectiles that no meaningful comparison can be made.  Comparing the delivered energy between a bullet and a sling shot is irrelevant as the velocity is much lower, and perhaps more importantly the bullet is much smaller, giving better penetration to the firearm for a given velocity. It's that old high school science book trick again. There's a picture of a slightly built female human in high heels and an elephant and the question is which one has the higher groung pressure. the aswer is the female human as the lighter weight is concentrates by the narrow foot print. There is no such thing as an unarmed woman in high heels, those 1/4 inch tips will go straight through a human foot or abdominal wall with a solid kick.
I suppose that there may be some overlap between very low power ammunition and large heavy sling projectiles slung fast, but I see no point in such comparison.
It is enough to know that a solid hit with a solid sling projectile can kill a rabbit , for instance. It'll do the job asked of it in a hunting or military (maybe not todays military though) setting.
Gawd I'm tired, I hope the above makes sense.  typhon
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Re: A new take on kinetic energy
Reply #23 - Jun 25th, 2009, 7:43am
 
Quote:
A bullet penetrates and, except in some hypothetically possible situation or those broad head tipped projectiles, a sling shot won't

 
In which case why did roman surgeons have a special tool for removing sling bullets from legionnaires.  
Such a tool would only have been made (and a surgeons tools were very valuable and rare instruments) if it was in regular use. And for examples to survive to the modern day they would have had to be widespread.
 
Again you fall into the trap of assuming that what exists today is representative of what existed at the height of the weapons use.
We are enthusiastic amateurs at our very best. What professional slingers could do and used is a whole different kettle of rotted fish sauce altogether Smiley  
 
Anyway - that's my interlude -- you lot get back to your velocity stuff it's pretty interesting for a non-math head like myself Smiley
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Re: A new take on kinetic energy
Reply #24 - Jun 25th, 2009, 9:03pm
 
Guess what, I tried to measure the lead glandes and i couldn't. Usually what I do is use the projectile itself for the measurment , not the sounds. So I tried really hard to watch the glandes in flight and they are almost impossible to follow their paths, unlike rocks which I'm used to.
 
The only one I could see for sure took 15 frames to reach 20 meters and my camera tapes at 30 frames per seccond.
 
This comes at 40 meters per second, and with a 100 gram projectile it comes at 80 joules. I wish I had more shots available to average, but like I said, it's impossible to see them.      
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Re: A new take on kinetic energy
Reply #25 - Jun 26th, 2009, 3:03am
 
Curious Aardvark. Ouch!! Got me. Good point of course.  It depends on the velocity and the size, Get enough speed up and you'll get penetration. Typhon.
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Re: A new take on kinetic energy
Reply #26 - Jun 26th, 2009, 3:42am
 
Quote from Typhon on Jun 26th, 2009, 3:03am:
Curious Aardvark. Ouch!! Got me. Good point of course.  It depends on the velocity and the size, Get enough speed up and you'll get penetration. Typhon.

I'd certainly agree with C_A here. Lead sling bullets must have penetrated flesh fairly frequently. It would be interesting to know the distribution of different kinds of sling bullet wounds during battles, but I don't think anyone was keeping the statistics back then. Wink
 
Typhon, I agree with you about my hasty analogy to radar. Perhaps acoustic interferometry would be a better description.
 
Rockman, have you ever tried using the sound track to get your timings? Maybe it would  help in cross checking your video results.
 
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Re: A new take on kinetic energy
Reply #27 - Jun 26th, 2009, 9:44pm
 
Of course the big advantage of being able to check speed and kinetic energy through a reliable and repeatable method is that it becomes possible to compare different sling lengths, styles of use, projectile types, progress (from an "am I getting better?" perspective) and other factors involved in one's own technique / development.  
Wanderer. I've had a dekko at the Dartspeed site and downloaded it post haste.
I note that the system seems set up for a particular dart cone shape, I hope that is alterable. (Yes I'm interested in blowpipes too). Thanks again for the link.
Using it for sling projectiles should be no hassle assuming I can hit a dirrtbin lid or similar to make a louder noise on arrival that on discharge. Gee I wonder? Wink Typhon
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