A number of Eastern peoples have used bows of very similar construction.   These are short, heavily recurved bows that are painstakingly made of wood, horn, and sinew.
There were no good "bow woods" like the English Yew and North American Osage and Hickory in these areas, so they made do with what they had, and very successfully.
These bows are difficult to make; the parts must be carefully cut and shaped, and glued with traditional "animal" glues.  The process may take months.   Although the Mongols are mentioned, the Turks brought these bows to their highest level of craftsmanship and effectiveness.

the mongolian bow is an amazing weapon no doubt, but what really made the mongolians such a fearful conquering force was their strategies, organization and discipline in the battlefield. also, every mongol warrior had at least 2 horses with him at all times, so they could travel much more distance in much less time than other armies giving them the element of surprise. they were amazing horsemen, and archers too. they attacked and then acted like they were retreating, then truned back and ambushed the tired enemy. they were an amazing army, thats why they could do more with their bow than other cultures who had similar desingns